The host cell may or may not be destroyed. In this type of infection, the virus may go dormant and be reactivated at a later time. Other viruses may cause persistent infections. In lytic infections, the virus will break open or lyse the host cell, resulting in the destruction of the host cell. Antigenetic shifts are associated with pandemics as host populations have no immunity to the new viral strain.Īnimal viruses cause various types of infection. In antigenetic shift, a new virus subtype is produced through the combination of genes from different viral strains. While antigenic drift happens gradually over time, antigenetic shift occurs rapidly. ![]() Antibodies connect to specific virus antigens to identify them as 'invaders' that must be destroyed. This results in the development of a new virus strain that may not be recognized by host antibodies. ![]() In antigenic drift, viral genes mutate altering virus surface proteins. Other viruses, such as influenza viruses, experience changes in their genes leading to antigenic drift or antigenic shift. Some viruses, like HIV, destroy white blood cells. Viruses have several methods to counter host immune system responses. They are designed to stimulate the body to have an immune response against the 'real' virus. ![]()
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